{"id":1571,"date":"2026-09-10T02:22:55","date_gmt":"2026-09-10T02:22:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ydfh-international.com\/"},"modified":"2026-09-10T02:24:38","modified_gmt":"2026-09-10T02:24:38","slug":"polyaniline-anti-corrosion-100-questions","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/demo.ydfh-international.com\/zh\/polyaniline-anti-corrosion-100-questions\/","title":{"rendered":"Polyaniline Anti-Corrosion\u00a0100 Questions"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1571\" class=\"elementor elementor-1571\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b558bdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b558bdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54e81d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"54e81d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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data-ydfh-ready=\"1\">\r\n\r\n  <!-- ================= HERO ================= -->\r\n  <section class=\"ydfh-hero\">\r\n    <div class=\"ydfh-wrap\">\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-eyebrow\">Technical Knowledge Series<\/div>\r\n      <h1>Polyaniline Anti-Corrosion <span>100 Questions<\/span><\/h1>\r\n      <p class=\"ydfh-hero-sub\">Redefining the Future of Metal Corrosion Protection \u2014 everything you need to know about zero-zinc, long-life polyaniline (PANI) heavy-duty anti-corrosion coatings.<\/p>\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-tags\">\r\n        <span class=\"ydfh-tag\"><b>100<\/b> Questions &amp; Answers<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"ydfh-tag\"><b>4<\/b> Chapters<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"ydfh-tag\">Bridges \u00b7 Marine \u00b7 Wind Power \u00b7 Concrete<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"ydfh-tag\">Standards: JT\/T 722 \u00b7 JT\/T 600 \u00b7 JT\/T 695<\/span>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-hero-btns\">\r\n        <a class=\"ydfh-btn ydfh-btn--orange\" href=\"#ydfh-chap-1\" data-goto=\"ydfh-chap-1\">Read the Questions\r\n          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M12 4l-1.41 1.41L16.17 11H4v2h12.17l-5.58 5.59L12 20l8-8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n        <\/a>\r\n        <a class=\"ydfh-btn ydfh-btn--ghost\" href=\"\/contact\/\">Talk to an Expert<\/a>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/section>\r\n\r\n  <!-- ================= STATS ================= -->\r\n  <section class=\"ydfh-stats-band\">\r\n    <div class=\"ydfh-wrap\">\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-stats\">\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-stat\"><b>USD&nbsp;2.5<i>T<\/i><\/b><span>Annual global direct economic loss caused by metal corrosion<\/span><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-stat\"><b>30<i>+<\/i> yrs<\/b><span>Anti-corrosion service life achieved by PANI coatings<\/span><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-stat\"><b>2<i>\u00d7<\/i><\/b><span>Anti-corrosion performance versus conventional solutions<\/span><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-stat\"><b><i>0<\/i> zinc<\/b><span>Zinc content \u2014 no heavy metals, no zinc ore dependency<\/span><\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/section>\r\n\r\n  <!-- ================= PREFACE ================= -->\r\n  <section class=\"ydfh-preface\">\r\n    <div class=\"ydfh-wrap\">\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-sec-head\">\r\n        <span class=\"ydfh-sec-kicker\">Preface<\/span>\r\n        <h2>Why we compiled these 100 questions<\/h2>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-preface-body\">\r\n        <p>Metal corrosion is one of the major natural disasters, causing about <b>USD 2.5 trillion<\/b> in losses worldwide each year \u2014 <b>6 times<\/b> the combined total of natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons. Because metal corrosion is a spontaneous reaction of metals, it is in principle impossible to prevent completely. Nickel or chromium can be added during manufacturing to produce stainless steel, but this increases the cost of steel structures by <b>3\u20135 times<\/b>.<\/p>\r\n        <p>Using anti-corrosion coatings to slow metal corrosion is the most cost-effective and most widely used solution. However, the vast majority of metal anti-corrosion coatings on the market today are zinc-based. Not only do they consume large amounts of dwindling zinc ore resources and create enormous environmental pressure, but their effective protection life is limited \u2014 making corrosion a common problem for bridges, ships, offshore equipment, wind power, chemical pipelines and equipment, and many other industries.<\/p>\r\n        <p>After more than 40 years of dedicated research, <b>Hunan Ben'an Yada New Material Co., Ltd.<\/b> and the <b>Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences<\/b> have developed a completely new metal anti-corrosion material \u2014 polyaniline anti-corrosion coating. It has successfully passed the time test unique to anti-corrosion materials, doubling anti-corrosion performance, making steel structure maintenance more convenient, overturning the perception that zinc powder is the mainstream anti-corrosion material, and effectively redefining the concept of metal anti-corrosion.<\/p>\r\n        <p>On this occasion, Ben'an Yada, together with the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, <em>Bridge Magazine<\/em> and the Highway Bridge Branch, and taking full account of the opinions of several road and bridge design institutes and bridge maintenance contractors, has carefully compiled <em>Polyaniline Anti-Corrosion 100 Questions<\/em>, hoping to help professionals in the metal anti-corrosion field gain a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings.<\/p>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-quote\">\r\n          <b>How to use this page.<\/b> Use the search box to look up any keyword \u2014 \u201cadhesion\u201d, \u201cballast tank\u201d, \u201cSa2.0\u201d, \u201crecoat\u201d, \u201cJT\/T 722\u201d \u2014 or filter by chapter. Click any question to expand the answer. Questions are numbered Q1\u2013Q100 exactly as in the printed edition.\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/section>\r\n\r\n  <!-- ================= TOC ================= -->\r\n  <section class=\"ydfh-toc-sec\">\r\n    <div class=\"ydfh-wrap\">\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-sec-head\">\r\n        <span class=\"ydfh-sec-kicker\">Contents<\/span>\r\n        <h2>Four chapters, one hundred questions<\/h2>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-toc\">\r\n        <a class=\"ydfh-toc-card\" href=\"#ydfh-chap-1\" data-goto=\"ydfh-chap-1\">\r\n            <span class=\"ydfh-toc-num\">01<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"ydfh-toc-name\">Fundamentals<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"ydfh-toc-range\">Q1 \u2013 Q23 \u00b7 23 questions<\/span>\r\n          <\/a><a class=\"ydfh-toc-card\" href=\"#ydfh-chap-2\" data-goto=\"ydfh-chap-2\">\r\n            <span class=\"ydfh-toc-num\">02<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"ydfh-toc-name\">Performance<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"ydfh-toc-range\">Q24 \u2013 Q49 \u00b7 26 questions<\/span>\r\n          <\/a><a class=\"ydfh-toc-card\" href=\"#ydfh-chap-3\" data-goto=\"ydfh-chap-3\">\r\n            <span class=\"ydfh-toc-num\">03<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"ydfh-toc-name\">Market &amp; Applications<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"ydfh-toc-range\">Q50 \u2013 Q76 \u00b7 27 questions<\/span>\r\n          <\/a><a class=\"ydfh-toc-card\" href=\"#ydfh-chap-4\" data-goto=\"ydfh-chap-4\">\r\n            <span class=\"ydfh-toc-num\">04<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"ydfh-toc-name\">Practical Guide<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"ydfh-toc-range\">Q77 \u2013 Q100 \u00b7 24 questions<\/span>\r\n          <\/a>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/section>\r\n\r\n  <!-- ================= TOOLBAR ================= -->\r\n  <div class=\"ydfh-toolbar\">\r\n    <div class=\"ydfh-wrap\">\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-toolbar-row\">\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-search\">\r\n          <svg class=\"ydfh-search-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27A6.47 6.47 0 0016 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 109.5 16c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L20.49 19l-4.99-5zm-6 0A4.5 4.5 0 1114 9.5 4.5 4.5 0 019.5 14z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n          <input type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Search 100 questions\u2026 e.g. adhesion, ballast tank, Sa2.0\" aria-label=\"Search questions\">\r\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"ydfh-search-clear\" aria-label=\"Clear search\">\u00d7<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-chips\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"ydfh-chip is-active\" data-chip=\"all\">All 100<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"ydfh-chip\" data-chip=\"1\">01 Fundamentals<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"ydfh-chip\" data-chip=\"2\">02 Performance<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"ydfh-chip\" data-chip=\"3\">03 Market<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"ydfh-chip\" data-chip=\"4\">04 Practical Guide<\/button><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-tools\">\r\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"ydfh-tool\" data-ydfh=\"open\">Expand all<\/button>\r\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"ydfh-tool\" data-ydfh=\"close\">Collapse all<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-toolbar-meta\">\r\n        <span>Showing <b data-ydfh-shown=\"\">100<\/b> of <b data-ydfh-total=\"\">100<\/b> questions<\/span>\r\n        <span>Source: <em>Polyaniline Anti-Corrosion 100 Questions<\/em> \u2014 Ben'an Yada \u00d7 CIAC, CAS<\/span>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <!-- ================= Q &amp; A ================= -->\r\n  <section class=\"ydfh-chap\" id=\"ydfh-chap-1\" data-chap=\"1\">\r\n  <div class=\"ydfh-wrap\">\r\n    <div class=\"ydfh-chap-head\">\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-chap-num\">01<\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-chap-txt\">\r\n        <h2>Fundamentals<\/h2>\r\n        <p>What polyaniline is, why metals corrode, and how PANI anti-corrosion coatings actually work.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-chap-count\" data-count-for=\"1\">23 questions<\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"ydfh-list\">\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q1\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"1\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q1<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Why does metal corrode? How serious is the damage, and why do we need anti-corrosion protection?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Metal corrosion is a spontaneous, irreversible process. In nature, apart from a very small number of noble metals such as gold, platinum and palladium, the vast majority of metals readily react with corrosive media in the natural environment, undergoing chemical or electrochemical reactions and reverting from high-energy metallic elements or alloys into thermodynamically more stable compounds \u2014 completing the corrosion process. The factors that cause metal corrosion are complex, and typically include chemical corrosion, electrochemical corrosion, and galvanic corrosion between metals with different electrochemical potentials. Theoretically these reactions are difficult to eliminate completely, so metal corrosion is unavoidable; it can only be mitigated through anti-corrosion solutions in order to safeguard the service life of the metal.<\/p><p>Metal corrosion not only causes enormous economic losses but also creates serious safety hazards. Corrosion-related losses account for 4% of global GDP each year, amounting to roughly USD 2.5 trillion in direct economic losses worldwide annually. In China and abroad there have been many major safety accidents in which corrosion reduced the load-bearing capacity of bridges and tunnels and, without timely repair and maintenance, led to collapse.<\/p><p>Given the significant economic losses and safety risks caused by metal corrosion, metals must be protected against corrosion in order to extend the service life of metal structures and eliminate economic losses and safety hazards at the source.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q2\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"2\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q2<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What technical solutions are commonly used for metal anti-corrosion, and which is the most economical and easiest to apply?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>There are many technical solutions for metal anti-corrosion. Adding nickel or chromium to produce corrosion-resistant alloys \u2014 stainless steel being the typical example \u2014 is convenient to use, but substantially increases cost and offers poor durability under extremely corrosive service conditions. Galvanizing processes such as electro-galvanizing and hot-dip galvanizing deliver good anti-corrosion performance, yet they still face high cost, high energy consumption and heavy pollution in manufacturing, as well as great difficulty in protecting large metal components. On-site application during maintenance is particularly difficult, which greatly limits their use. Applying a layer of anti-corrosion coating to the metal surface is currently the most cost-effective technical solution, being convenient for both application and maintenance \u2014 and it has therefore become the dominant technical approach in the field.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q3\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"3\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q3<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What are metal anti-corrosion coatings, and what types are available?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Metal anti-corrosion coatings are divided into conventional anti-corrosion coatings and heavy-duty anti-corrosion coatings. Conventional coatings protect metals in ordinary atmospheric environments, while heavy-duty coatings are those capable of delivering a longer protection period than conventional coatings in relatively harsh corrosive environments such as industrial and marine atmospheres.<\/p><p>Types of metal anti-corrosion coatings include lead- and chromium-based coatings, zinc-based coatings and polyaniline coatings. Although lead- and chromium-based coatings offer excellent anti-corrosion performance at low cost, their high toxicity poses major environmental hazards and they are being phased out. Today, zinc-based coatings that use zinc powder as the anti-corrosion material dominate the market. Polyaniline anti-corrosion coating is a zero-zinc, all-polymer product; thanks to its unique anti-corrosion mechanism and extremely long service life, it is rapidly becoming one of the most important options for metal anti-corrosion coatings.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q4\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"4\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q4<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What products fall under zinc-based anti-corrosion coatings, and what are their advantages and disadvantages?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Zinc-based anti-corrosion coatings comprise three major categories: organic zinc-rich, cold galvanizing (cold zinc spray) and inorganic zinc-rich coatings. Organic zinc-rich coatings are usually epoxy zinc-rich coatings, whose anti-corrosion life depends on the zinc powder content; with a zinc powder content above 80%, a service life of more than 10 years can be achieved. Cold galvanizing coating is a one-component zinc-rich coating with an even higher zinc powder content, with zinc in the dry film reaching as high as 96%.<\/p><p>Inorganic zinc-rich coatings include waterborne and solvent-borne types. They offer the advantages of resistance to 400&nbsp;\u00b0C, fast drying and good anti-corrosion performance; however, their biggest drawbacks are difficult application, very high demands on substrate surface preparation, a requirement for high relative humidity during application, the need for continuous stirring, long recoat intervals and relatively poor film flexibility \u2014 all of which have limited their large-scale adoption.<\/p><p>The advantage of organic zinc-rich coatings is that their anti-corrosion performance is widely recognised in the industry, the mechanism is broadly accepted, and they are backed by a large number of verified field cases. Their preparation process is relatively simple, and a complete set of procedures covering application, quality inspection and acceptance has been established.<\/p><p>The disadvantage of organic zinc-rich coatings is that their anti-corrosion durability is about 10\u201315 years, far short of the 30-year anti-corrosion life required for large steel structures. Over the full life cycle, multiple large-scale repairs and maintenance interventions are needed, and maintenance costs exceed 5 times the initial construction cost. Another potential drawback is that zinc-rich coatings depend excessively on zinc ore resources. China holds only about 20% of world zinc reserves, and the industry faces excessive dependence on imports and the challenge of achieving an independent, controllable supply chain domestically.<\/p><p>Cold galvanizing coating is a high-zinc-content coating composed of zinc powder with a purity above 99.9%, volatile solvents and organic resins. Its advantage is relatively excellent anti-corrosion performance, with reports of a service life of more than 15 years; however, it also suffers from difficult application and requires continuous stirring, and its adhesion is only 3&nbsp;MPa, with the risk of film detachment during service.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q5\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"5\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q5<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What is the anti-corrosion mechanism of zinc-rich coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Taking the protection of iron by a zinc-rich coating as an example, the mechanism is that zinc powder acts as a sacrificial anode and is continuously consumed, while iron acts as the protected cathode and is spared from rusting. Specifically, the electrode potential of zinc is more negative than that of iron, so zinc is more active than iron and plays the role of sacrificial anode; iron is the cathode, current flows from zinc to iron, the anodic zinc is consumed and corroded away, and the cathodic iron is protected.<\/p><p>This mechanism therefore requires a sufficiently high zinc powder content to meet long-term anti-corrosion requirements. Its performance is positively correlated with zinc content, and for heavy-duty coatings with a service life of more than 15 years, the zinc powder content by weight must exceed 70%.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q6\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"6\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q6<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Is there a new anti-corrosion material that can replace zinc powder? Is there a zero-zinc coating?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>After nearly a century of development, inorganic zinc-rich coatings have evolved into organic zinc-rich coatings, and their anti-corrosion performance has gained recognition in the field. However, zinc powder is a sacrificial coating material, it cannot be recycled, and it faces the problem of rapidly depleting zinc ore resources. The sustainability of supply of zinc-based coatings has attracted major industry attention, and developing new anti-corrosion materials that can replace zinc powder is a research hotspot in academia and industry worldwide.<\/p><p>After nearly 40 years of sustained research, the anti-corrosion effectiveness and service life of polyaniline coatings have been fully verified by academia and industry. Polyaniline coating is one of the very few products that can replace zinc-based anti-corrosion coatings, and is currently the only zero-zinc metal anti-corrosion coating available worldwide.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q7\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"7\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q7<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What is polyaniline, and how was its anti-corrosion performance discovered?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline is a long-chain conjugated polymer whose backbone consists of two repeating units, p-phenylenediamine and quinone diimine. Professor Alan G. MacDiarmid of Pennsylvania State University discovered in 1983 that polyaniline is an intrinsically conductive polymer; he shared the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his innovative contributions to the field of conductive polymers.<\/p><p>The first to discover the anti-corrosion properties of polyaniline was the French scientist Deberry. In 1985, Deberry et al. synthesised a polyaniline film on a stainless steel surface by electrochemical methods; the film reduced the corrosion rate of stainless steel by two orders of magnitude, indicating potential anti-corrosion performance.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q8\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"8\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q8<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What is the current state of China's polyaniline anti-corrosion coating industry?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Academician Wang Fosong of the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, was the first in China to carry out work on the synthesis, structure and application of polyaniline, as early as 1983. Subsequently, a research team led by Researcher Wang Xianhong (a doctoral student of Academician Wang Fosong) began applied basic research on polyaniline anti-corrosion in 1997. The team proved that the anti-corrosion mechanism of polyaniline stems from its unique reversible redox reaction, solved the key industrialisation technologies for polyaniline resin, and developed a high-solids polyaniline anti-corrosion coating (solid content &gt;75&nbsp;wt%).<\/p><p>In 2005, the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry cooperated with Hunan Ben'an Yada New Material Co., Ltd., moving polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings from the laboratory to industrialisation and establishing the world's first 10,000-tonne polyaniline anti-corrosion coating production line. In the process, it participated in the formulation of a number of industry technical standards for polyaniline anti-corrosion technology, and its products have been widely applied in bridges, highways, airport terminals, high-speed rail and petroleum storage tanks.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q9\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"9\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q9<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What is the anti-corrosion principle of polyaniline?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline has a unique reversible redox property. Its electrode potential is higher than that of most metals such as iron and aluminium, so the metal surface in contact with it is slowly oxidised. This slow oxidation reaction forms a dense oxide film on the metal surface, preventing corrosive media from further attacking the steel structure.<\/p><p>During this reaction, the polyaniline molecule is reduced to a reduced form whose electrode potential is lower than that of oxygen, and is then re-oxidised back to its original state by oxygen in the atmosphere, completing a \u201creversible polyaniline cycle\u201d. Polyaniline is not consumed throughout the process, yet it enables a dense oxide film to form on the metal surface. A small amount of polyaniline is therefore sufficient to give the coating long-term anti-corrosion performance.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <!-- Optional: insert the figure image here (see the source PDF) -->\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-figcap\">Figure 1 \u2014 Anti-corrosion principle of polyaniline<\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q10\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"10\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q10<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">How does the anti-corrosion principle of polyaniline coatings differ from traditional zinc-rich paint?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>The principle of polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings lies in polyaniline's unique reversible redox property: polyaniline is not consumed during the process, yet a dense oxide film forms on the metal surface. Polyaniline can therefore \u201cactivate\u201d the steel's own defence, generating a dense protective oxide film on its surface to achieve anti-corrosion performance, and the polyaniline content does not decrease during service.<\/p><p>Zinc-rich paint protects steel by \u201ccontinuously sacrificing the zinc powder itself\u201d. As time goes on the zinc powder diminishes, and once it is exhausted the anti-corrosion performance disappears. The effective film thickness of zinc-rich paint therefore decreases as the zinc is consumed, and eventually the coating loses its protective function. In one sentence: zinc-rich paint is \u201csacrificial\u201d anti-corrosion, polyaniline is \u201cactivating\u201d anti-corrosion \u2014 the two are fundamentally different.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q11\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"11\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q11<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Are there mature polyaniline anti-corrosion coating products on the market?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Market research reports show that polyaniline anti-corrosion coating technology is already mature. Germany's Ormecon launched Corrpassive-brand polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings as early as 1996. In China, mass production began in 2005 and commercial products are available. For example, Hunan Ben'an Yada New Material Co., Ltd. operates a 10,000-tonne polyaniline anti-corrosion coating production line, and its products have been applied extensively in major landmark projects in China, making it a leading enterprise in this field.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q12\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"12\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q12<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Besides iron, how does polyaniline perform on other metals?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline has a higher electrode potential than the vast majority of metals. In addition to iron, it also provides anti-corrosion protection for most metals and alloys, including zinc, aluminium, copper, magnesium, aluminium alloys and magnesium alloys. This is precisely the universality of polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings \u2014 a property verified not only academically but also in actual applications such as copper\/iron bolts and iron\/galvanized layers.<\/p><p>Zinc-rich coatings work on the sacrificial anode principle and protect only iron; for metals more active than zinc, such as aluminium, zinc and magnesium alloys, they provide no protection.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q13\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"13\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q13<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Do polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings protect concrete?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Concrete structures show serious deterioration after 10\u201315 years of service, far short of the 50\u2013100 year design life, and the cost of repair and reinforcement is 3 times the original construction cost. The most important source of concrete corrosion is corrosion of the reinforcing steel. Once the alkaline environment around embedded steel in the concrete is disrupted or chloride ions penetrate, numerous micro-corrosion cells form on the steel surface; iron loses electrons and gradually forms Fe(OH)\u2083, which accumulates between the steel surface and the concrete, generating large expansion stresses that cause the concrete cover to crack and spall continuously.<\/p><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings provide dual protection for both the concrete and the embedded steel: the film-forming resin component penetrates the porous concrete and seals it, protecting the concrete, while the polyaniline component that enters through the porous structure protects the embedded steel, forming a dense oxide layer that blocks the penetration of chloride ions and other corrosive media \u2014 addressing the root cause of concrete corrosion at its source. Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings therefore do provide anti-corrosion protection for concrete.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q14\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"14\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q14<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Are polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings green, environmentally friendly coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings include four major product categories: high-solids polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings (solid content &gt;75&nbsp;wt%), waterborne polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings, polyaniline powder coatings and UV-curable polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings. They contain no lead or chromium heavy metals and cause no heavy-metal pollution to the environment; with VOC below 350&nbsp;g\/L, they are a green and environmentally friendly coating.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q15\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"15\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q15<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What are the main application fields and scenarios for polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings can be applied to the protection of metals, alloys and concrete structures, including but not limited to bridges, highway guardrails, rail transit, large architectural steel structures, pipelines, heavy machinery, ships and port facilities.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q16\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"16\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q16<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">How cost-effective are polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>According to the performance requirements for heavy-duty anti-corrosion coatings, the zinc powder content by weight in a zinc-rich coating must exceed 80% to meet anti-corrosion needs. Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings have a lower density; at the same film thickness, the coverage area of a polyaniline coating is more than 1.5 times that of a zinc-rich coating. Combined with its long anti-corrosion life, this greatly reduces maintenance costs during operation. Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings therefore offer very high cost-effectiveness \u2014 without increasing coating costs, they can reduce maintenance costs by more than 50%.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q17\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"17\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q17<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What advantages do polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings have over zinc-rich paint?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>First, long-term anti-corrosion: polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings typically last more than 30 years, whereas zinc-rich paint typically lasts 10\u201315 years.<\/p><p>Second, an independent and controllable supply chain: the core material of polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings, polyaniline, is derived from aniline, and domestic capacity is self-sufficient and controllable, whereas zinc-rich paint depends on zinc ore resources, 80% of which come from overseas, raising concerns about security of supply.<\/p><p>Third, maintenance cost: over the full service life of a steel structure, polyaniline coatings require fewer than 2 maintenance interventions, while zinc-rich paint typically requires 3\u20134. Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings therefore reduce later-stage maintenance costs and offer a clear competitive advantage.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q18\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"18\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q18<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Are there industry standards for polyaniline coatings? Are there application specifications to follow?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings already have relevant industry technical standards in several application fields, including three industry standards: JT\/T 722-2026 <em>Technical Conditions for Anti-Corrosion Coating of Highway Bridge Steel Structures<\/em>, JT\/T 600-2025 <em>Anti-Corrosion Powder Coatings and Coating Layers for Highway Use<\/em>, and JT\/T 695-2026 <em>Anti-Corrosion Coating of Highway Bridge Concrete Structures<\/em>.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q19\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"19\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q19<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Do polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings contain zinc powder?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>The anti-corrosion material in polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings is polyaniline; they contain no zinc powder.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q20\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"20\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q20<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What is the polyaniline content in polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>The polyaniline content in polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings is 1\u20135%.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q21\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"21\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q21<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">How is the polyaniline content in an anti-corrosion coating tested?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>The polyaniline content in polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings can be tested in accordance with the local standard DB43\/T 2421-2022 <em>Determination of Polyaniline Content in Polyaniline Anti-Corrosion Coatings<\/em>.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q22\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"22\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q22<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">How much does the polyaniline content affect anti-corrosion performance?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline content has a major influence on anti-corrosion performance. To achieve the long-term anti-corrosion required by the design life, the polyaniline content in the coating should be 1\u20135&nbsp;wt%, and the average polyaniline particle size should be between 0.5 and 10 microns.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q23\" data-ch=\"1\" data-q=\"23\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q23<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Are polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings one-component or two-component?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>High-solids polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings and waterborne polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings are both two-component and must be mixed on site immediately before use. Thermosetting polyaniline powder coatings and UV-curable polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings are one-component.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n    <\/div><!-- \/.ydfh-list -->\r\n  <\/div><!-- \/.ydfh-wrap -->\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"ydfh-chap ydfh-alt\" id=\"ydfh-chap-2\" data-chap=\"2\">\r\n  <div class=\"ydfh-wrap\">\r\n    <div class=\"ydfh-chap-head\">\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-chap-num\">02<\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-chap-txt\">\r\n        <h2>Performance<\/h2>\r\n        <p>Service life, chemical resistance, adhesion, film build and coating performance data.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-chap-count\" data-count-for=\"2\">26 questions<\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"ydfh-list\">\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q24\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"24\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q24<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">How many years of anti-corrosion life can polyaniline coatings achieve?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline coatings can achieve an anti-corrosion life of more than 30 years, 2\u20133 times that of epoxy zinc-rich heavy-duty anti-corrosion coatings.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q25\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"25\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q25<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">How do polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings perform against acid, alkali and salt?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings have excellent chemical resistance and can withstand attack by acids, alkalis and salts, with a particularly marked inhibiting effect on pitting corrosion caused by chloride ions. In addition, the coating retains excellent anti-corrosion performance under \u201cthree-high\u201d extreme conditions of high temperature (80\u2013120&nbsp;\u00b0C), high humidity (relative humidity &gt;90%) and high salinity (salt content &gt;3.5&nbsp;wt%).<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q26\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"26\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q26<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Do polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings perform at high temperatures?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Traditional zinc-rich coatings gradually lose their anti-corrosion effect above 60&nbsp;\u00b0C. Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings still deliver excellent anti-corrosion performance at high temperatures of 80\u2013100&nbsp;\u00b0C.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q27\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"27\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q27<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What is the adhesion of polyaniline coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline can form chemical bonds with metal substrates \u2014 it can form coordination bonds with iron atoms, greatly increasing the bonding force between the polyaniline coating and the metal. Adhesion is \u22659&nbsp;MPa, far higher than the 5&nbsp;MPa of zinc-rich coatings.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q28\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"28\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q28<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">How is the light-aging resistance of polyaniline?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings are mainly used as anti-corrosion primers and intermediate coats. Although polyaniline itself has good stability and weather resistance, the film-forming resin has relatively poor light-aging resistance, so it is not suitable as a topcoat.<\/p><p>In practice, to improve the weather resistance of the coating system, a weather-resistant silicone, acrylic polyurethane or fluorocarbon topcoat is usually applied over the polyaniline coating to form a composite coating with improved light-aging resistance.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q29\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"29\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q29<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Do polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings have antifouling properties?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>The main function of polyaniline coatings is anti-corrosion. They have some antifouling performance, but it is limited; antifouling performance can be improved by combining them with other antifouling agents.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q30\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"30\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q30<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What dry film thickness should the anti-corrosion coating have?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>The coating system differs according to the atmospheric environment. Used alone, the recommended thickness for a polyaniline anti-corrosion primer is 60\u201380&nbsp;\u00b5m; for a composite coating, the recommended total thickness of \u201cprimer + intermediate coat + topcoat\u201d is 200\u2013340&nbsp;\u00b5m. Specific values can be adjusted in accordance with JT\/T 722-2026 <em>Technical Conditions for Anti-Corrosion Coating of Highway Bridge Steel Structures<\/em>.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q31\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"31\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q31<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What is the volume solids content of polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings, and what is the spreading rate?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>The volume solids of polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings is 65\u00b12%, with a theoretical spreading rate of 8.13&nbsp;m\u00b2\/L (at 80&nbsp;\u00b5m dry film thickness), far higher than that of zinc-rich coatings.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q32\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"32\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q32<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What is the specific gravity of the polyaniline anti-corrosion coating? Will it add weight to the structure?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>The specific gravity of the polyaniline anti-corrosion coating is about 1.6&nbsp;kg\/L, 40% lower than typical heavy-duty zinc-rich anti-corrosion coatings, significantly reducing the weight of equipment, bridges and other components.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q33\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"33\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q33<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">How is the flexibility of the coating?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Flexibility is excellent: impact resistance 50&nbsp;cm, bend test 2&nbsp;mm, and adhesion greater than 9&nbsp;MPa \u2014 the film is not prone to cracking.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q34\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"34\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q34<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What exactly is the scratch resistance of polyaniline coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings can resist scratches 1&nbsp;mm wide, showing excellent scratch resistance. The reason is that once the coating is scratched, polyaniline rapidly consumes the oxygen of the corrosive medium near the scratched layer and simultaneously promotes the formation of a dense oxide layer on the metal at the damaged area, protecting the damaged site.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q35\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"35\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q35<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Are polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings fire-resistant?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings have limited fire resistance and are not fire-retardant coatings. If fire protection is required, an intumescent or non-intumescent fire-retardant coating can be applied over the polyaniline anti-corrosion coating. The polyaniline coating has excellent compatibility with fire-retardant coatings.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q36\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"36\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q36<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What colour are polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings, and how is the coating colour achieved?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings are grey in appearance and are suitable as a primer or intermediate coat. They can be combined with topcoats of different colours to produce composite coatings, achieving different appearances such as colourless, grey or green as required by the customer.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q37\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"37\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q37<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What is the shelf life of the product?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings should be stored sealed in a cool, dry place. In unopened condition the shelf life is 12 months. After this period, testing is required; if the product passes, it may still be used.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q38\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"38\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q38<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">How is the compatibility of polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings have excellent compatibility. They can be used as primer and intermediate coat and are compatible with oil-based and waterborne silicone, acrylic polyurethane and fluorocarbon topcoats, with excellent intercoat adhesion and good compatibility.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q39\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"39\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q39<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Can polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings be applied over rust?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>There are dedicated rust-tolerant polyaniline coating products that allow polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings to be applied over rust.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q40\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"40\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q40<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Can polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings be waterborne, and how do they perform?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings can be made waterborne. Waterborne polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings exceed 1,440 hours in neutral salt spray testing and can meet anti-corrosion requirements of more than 5 years.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q41\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"41\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q41<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Are polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings hazardous chemicals?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Among the polyaniline anti-corrosion coating series, high-solids polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings contain a small amount of volatile organic solvent and are classified as hazardous chemicals, requiring storage and transport in accordance with hazardous chemical regulations. Waterborne polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings, UV-curable polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings and polyaniline powder coatings contain no volatile organic solvents and are not hazardous chemicals.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q42\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"42\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q42<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Are there application and acceptance standards for polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings already have industry technical standards for highway bridge steel structures and concrete structures. Application and acceptance can be carried out in accordance with JT\/T 722-2026 <em>Technical Conditions for Anti-Corrosion Coating of Highway Bridge Steel Structures<\/em> and JT\/T 695-2026 <em>Anti-Corrosion Coating of Highway Bridge Concrete Structures<\/em> respectively.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q43\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"43\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q43<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Polyaniline vs. zinc-rich primer \u2014 which anti-corrosion coating has better prospects?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings extend service life by 10\u201315 years compared with zinc-rich primers, have a lower unit coating cost, and can reduce weight by 40%, offering high cost-effectiveness.<\/p><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings are environmentally friendly, release no heavy metals such as zinc, draw on a wide range of raw materials and have an independent, controllable supply chain. Zinc-rich coatings release heavy metals such as zinc during service, and their raw materials are constrained by overseas zinc ore resources, raising concerns about sustainable supply. In the long term, polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings have greater momentum and greater development potential.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q44\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"44\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q44<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Polyaniline anti-corrosion intermediate coat vs. epoxy micaceous iron oxide intermediate coat \u2014 which is better?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Epoxy micaceous iron oxide intermediate coats mainly rely on the micaceous iron oxide component to block and isolate corrosive media \u2014 this is physical protection. The polyaniline in a polyaniline anti-corrosion intermediate coat forms a dense passivation layer through the \u201cchannels\u201d between it and the primer, further enhancing protection of the steel \u2014 this is chemical anti-corrosion, with superior performance.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q45\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"45\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q45<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Are polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings rust-preventive paints?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings are not rust-preventive paints. Rust-preventive paints are used in mildly corrosive environments where anti-corrosion requirements are not high; they are mostly one-component anti-corrosion primers or primer\/topcoat-in-one products that mainly isolate the substrate from water and oxygen in the air through barrier and shielding effects.<\/p><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings, by contrast, are used in atmospheres with more severe corrosion and require a long anti-corrosion service life; they are mostly composite coatings formed by a matched \u201cprimer \u2013 intermediate coat \u2013 topcoat\u201d system.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q46\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"46\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q46<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">How do polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings compare with graphene anti-corrosion coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Graphene itself has no anti-corrosion properties; its anti-corrosion performance comes from zinc powder. Such coatings are essentially zinc-rich coatings: 0.5\u20130.9% graphene is added to a zinc-rich coating to increase the conductive pathways of the zinc powder and improve anti-corrosion performance.<\/p><p>However, graphene is relatively expensive, which increases the cost of the coating, while the improvement in anti-corrosion performance is limited. Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings still hold a considerable advantage in anti-corrosion performance, adhesion, scratch resistance and overall performance, as well as price.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q47\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"47\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q47<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Is the application method for polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings the same as for zinc-rich coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>The application method for polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings is the same as for zinc-rich coatings. For details, refer to the technical standard JT\/T 722-2026 <em>Technical Conditions for Anti-Corrosion Coating of Highway Bridge Steel Structures<\/em>.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q48\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"48\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q48<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">For complex structures such as welds and edges, which coating provides better protection?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline coatings have excellent edge-corrosion protection, avoiding the thinning of the coating at edges and corners caused by the \u201cedge effect\u201d typical of conventional zinc-rich coatings.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q49\" data-ch=\"2\" data-q=\"49\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q49<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What advantages do polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings offer for steel structure repair and maintenance?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Large-scale repair and maintenance of steel components is usually carried out on site and requires the old coating to be completely removed and the rust cleaned to Sa2.5 or Sa3.0. Given site and schedule constraints this is difficult to achieve, making maintenance very demanding.<\/p><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings have high adhesion and can be applied at a surface preparation grade of Sa2.0, greatly reducing maintenance difficulty while delivering excellent maintenance results.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n    <\/div><!-- \/.ydfh-list -->\r\n  <\/div><!-- \/.ydfh-wrap -->\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"ydfh-chap\" id=\"ydfh-chap-3\" data-chap=\"3\">\r\n  <div class=\"ydfh-wrap\">\r\n    <div class=\"ydfh-chap-head\">\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-chap-num\">03<\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-chap-txt\">\r\n        <h2>Market &amp; Applications<\/h2>\r\n        <p>Market scale, the competitive landscape, demand growth and real-world application scenarios.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-chap-count\" data-count-for=\"3\">27 questions<\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"ydfh-list\">\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q50\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"50\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q50<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">How large is the market for polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>China's heavy-duty anti-corrosion coating volume exceeded 4.6 million tonnes in 2025, with a market size of more than RMB 180 billion. The industry is currently transitioning from \u201cquantity\u201d to \u201cquality\u201d, and polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings are in line with China's trend towards environmentally friendly, high-performance development, with broad market prospects.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q51\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"51\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q51<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">How are polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings developing in China and internationally?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Germany's Ormecon Chemical Company developed the Corrpassive series of marine polyaniline anti-corrosion products as early as 1999, and the United States, Japan and other countries subsequently developed related polyaniline anti-corrosion products, though on relatively small production scales.<\/p><p>In China, Hunan Ben'an Yada New Material Co., Ltd., through more than 20 years of long-term cooperation with the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has built the world's first 10,000-tonne polyaniline anti-corrosion coating production line. Its polyaniline anti-corrosion coating products have been widely applied in major projects of national importance in China, including bridges, expressways and airport terminals.<\/p><\/div>\r\n      <!-- Optional: insert the figure image here (see the source PDF) -->\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-figcap\">Figure 2 \u2014 Ben'an Yada polyaniline anti-corrosion coating applied on the Muping Xiangjiang Bridge<br>Figure 3 \u2014 Ben'an Yada polyaniline anti-corrosion coating applied on the Xinglian Road Bridge<br>Figure 4 \u2014 Application on Shanghai\u2013Kunming Expressway corrugated guardrails (comparison after 17 years)<br>Figure 5 \u2014 Application at Huanghua Airport Terminal 3<\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q52\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"52\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q52<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">How receptive are customers to polyaniline coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Verification of steel structure anti-corrosion is a lengthy process. As a completely new anti-corrosion technology, polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings have been validated through more than 20 years of actual anti-corrosion engineering. With tightening environmental regulations and growing demand for long-term anti-corrosion, more and more customers are gradually accepting polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings and beginning to actively seek polyaniline anti-corrosion solutions. In particular, in recent years polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings have attracted widespread attention in extreme service fields with harsh corrosive environments, such as offshore facilities, wind power, marine engineering and sea-crossing bridges.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q53\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"53\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q53<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What are the main competing products for polyaniline coatings today?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>The position of zinc-rich primer as an anti-corrosion coating is beyond doubt, and it remains the main competing product for polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings. Over the next 3\u20135 years the two product categories will coexist; as polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings become better known in the industry and their performance is understood, they will gradually replace zinc-rich primers and their usage will rise rapidly.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q54\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"54\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q54<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Which industries are seeing faster growth in demand for polyaniline coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings deliver excellent anti-corrosion performance in marine corrosive environments, marine atmospheric environments and high- and low-temperature environments, meeting anti-corrosion requirements under extreme service conditions, whereas conventional anti-corrosion coatings have relatively poor durability.<\/p><p>Based on this performance differentiation, demand for polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings is growing rapidly in harsh environments such as sea-crossing bridges, marine engineering, petrochemicals and new energy (photovoltaics, wind power).<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q55\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"55\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q55<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What is the export market potential for polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>China has already formed a complete and mature industrial chain covering polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings, from coating production and engineered anti-corrosion design to engineering anti-corrosion application. International demand for environmentally friendly anti-corrosion materials is strong, and because polyaniline coatings contain no heavy metals, they have very promising export prospects.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q56\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"56\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q56<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">In what application fields can polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings be used?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coating applications include metal anti-corrosion and concrete anti-corrosion. Metal anti-corrosion is not limited to steel: it can efficiently protect most metals and alloys such as zinc, aluminium, magnesium and copper, and it also delivers excellent anti-corrosion results on concrete components.<\/p><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings have excellent cathodic disbondment resistance, and their comprehensive anti-corrosion performance is even more evident in marine environments and harsh corrosive conditions. Application fields include but are not limited to bridges, tunnels, highways, airport terminals, offshore equipment and wind power \u2014 across many sectors of national importance.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q57\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"57\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q57<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">In bridge engineering, which parts are suitable for polyaniline coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings are suitable for all contact surfaces of bridge steel structures, including exposed external surfaces, enclosed internal surfaces of box sections, the underside of bridge decks, the top surface of uncovered steel bridge decks, the top surface of covered steel bridge decks, and unenclosed internal surfaces of box sections.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q58\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"58\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q58<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What advantages do polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings offer on sea-crossing bridges?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Sea-crossing bridges are located in harsh environments with high environmental protection requirements, and polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings offer significant advantages for the construction and maintenance of such bridges.<\/p><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings contain no heavy metals and are environmentally friendly: neither during bridge construction nor during on-site maintenance in later operation will they pollute the sea or rivers. More importantly, polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings have excellent anti-corrosion performance and outstanding resistance to acids, alkalis and salts, enabling long-term anti-corrosion protection for sea-crossing bridges.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q59\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"59\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q59<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Can polyaniline coatings be used on the piers of sea-crossing bridges?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Bridge piers of sea-crossing bridges are permanently exposed to high salinity and wave impact; whether stainless steel, alloy or concrete, they corrode and powder easily and are a \u201ccorrosion hotspot\u201d. Polyaniline coatings have excellent salt-water resistance and can effectively prevent chloride ion attack, delivering very good anti-corrosion results on piers.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q60\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"60\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q60<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Can polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings be used on offshore wind power equipment?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Wind turbine towers and blades are exposed to the marine atmospheric environment, where corrosion is severe and repair and maintenance are particularly difficult, usually requiring work at height and greatly increasing later O&amp;M costs. Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings resist high-humidity, high-salinity marine atmospheres and provide excellent anti-corrosion performance on offshore wind equipment, improving protection while substantially reducing later maintenance costs.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q61\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"61\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q61<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Can polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings be used on unmanned surface vessels?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>USVs are mainly made of aluminium alloy. Zinc-rich primers provide no anti-corrosion protection for this material, whereas polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings protect aluminium alloy very well and can meet demanding anti-corrosion requirements.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q62\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"62\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q62<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Can polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings be used in anti-corrosion projects such as offshore equipment and sea-crossing bridges and tunnels?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Offshore equipment and facilities, as well as sea-crossing bridges and tunnels, are permanently exposed to harsh marine corrosive environments with high salinity and high humidity, and short anti-corrosion life is an industry-wide pain point. Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings offer excellent high-temperature, humid-heat and salt resistance, meeting anti-corrosion requirements under such harsh conditions and ensuring long-term protection for the related equipment.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q63\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"63\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q63<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Steel and concrete structures at ports and wharves corrode severely. Can polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings provide effective protection?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Ports and wharves are permanently exposed to high salinity, high humidity and intense ultraviolet radiation, and the related equipment corrodes easily, requiring coatings with very good salt resistance.<\/p><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings strongly hinder the penetration of chloride ions and provide excellent anti-corrosion performance. Combined with a polyaniline anti-corrosion intermediate coat and a fluorocarbon topcoat to form a composite coating, they can effectively address both corrosion and UV-aging resistance.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q64\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"64\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q64<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">How do polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings perform on ships compared with zinc-rich paint?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Germany's Ormecon Chemical Company launched its Corrpassive series as early as 1994, dedicated to anti-corrosion in the marine sector. It was found that the anti-corrosion life of polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings on ships is 5 times that of traditional zinc-rich anti-corrosion paint.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q65\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"65\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q65<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Why are ship ballast water tanks particularly suited to polyaniline coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Ballast water tanks are enclosed, alternate between wet and dry, and face highly corrosive seawater \u2014 they are a \u201ccorrosion hotspot\u201d on ships. Thanks to their excellent water, salt, chemical and humid-heat resistance, polyaniline coatings can effectively extend the anti-corrosion performance of equipment in this area.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q66\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"66\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q66<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">How do polyaniline coatings perform on highway guardrails?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Highway corrugated guardrails are exposed to JC3\u2013JC4 atmospheric conditions. Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings fully meet the anti-corrosion requirements for highway guardrails and can more than triple anti-corrosion performance.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q67\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"67\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q67<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">For concrete corrosion on roads and bridges in severely cold regions, what advantages do polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings offer?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Concrete components of roads and bridges in severely cold regions suffer more serious deterioration. One reason is that a large amount of chloride ions from de-icing salt spread on the road surface in winter penetrates the porous structure of the concrete, accelerating the saturation of water in the pores; under freeze-thaw action, the expansion and contraction of the water damages the concrete structure. Another main reason is that chloride ions from the de-icing salt that penetrate the cement cause pitting corrosion of the reinforcing steel in the concrete, causing rapid corrosion from the inside out.<\/p><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings are excellent at preventing the damage caused by chloride-induced pitting, and polyaniline penetrates to the reinforcing steel within the porous cement, providing very good protection for embedded steel. Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings can therefore solve anti-corrosion problems in concrete components of roads and bridges in severely cold, high-salinity regions, including bridge deck expansion joints, drainage holes and crash barriers.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q68\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"68\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q68<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Can polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings be used on train carriages?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Train carriages are mostly made of iron, aluminium and magnesium alloys. Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings protect these metals very well, and are especially effective on aluminium-magnesium alloys with excellent adhesion, ensuring there is no risk of paint loss during high-speed operation \u2014 of great value for improving railway operating safety and reducing whole-life costs.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q69\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"69\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q69<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Can polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings be used on steel structures in thermal power plants and on storage tanks and pipelines in petrochemical plants?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings can certainly be used. Thermal power plants and chemical plants are permanently exposed to acidic and alkaline industrial atmospheres, which corrode steel components severely; polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings have excellent chemical resistance, protect steel components well in this sector and provide long-term protection.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q70\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"70\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q70<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Can polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings be used on water supply, natural gas and sewage pipelines, especially buried pipelines?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings can certainly be used. Their excellent environmental tolerance ensures that the coating protects steel pipework well in the complex environment of buried pipelines, achieving a long service life for the pipework.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q71\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"71\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q71<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What advantages do polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings offer for large steel structures such as airport terminals and stadiums?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>These large construction projects require good anti-corrosion durability and aesthetics, and particularly high fire safety and environmental performance. Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings offer good anti-corrosion performance and excellent compatibility with fire-retardant coatings and topcoats; they have passed rigorous toxicity testing and fully comply with relevant standards, and there are already many construction cases of this type.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q72\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"72\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q72<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Can polyaniline coatings protect high-voltage transmission towers and photovoltaic mounting structures exposed outdoors for long periods?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>High-voltage transmission towers and photovoltaic mounting structures made of aluminium alloy, stainless steel, galvanized steel or concrete are permanently exposed to intense ultraviolet light, wind-blown sand and industrial atmospheres. A composite coating of a polyaniline anti-corrosion primer, a polyaniline epoxy intermediate coat and a fluorocarbon topcoat can address the anti-corrosion and aging problems of these long-term outdoor installations.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q73\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"73\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q73<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Can construction machinery such as excavators and cranes use polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings can certainly be used. They offer scratch resistance, vibration resistance and long anti-corrosion life, reducing the maintenance frequency of outdoor working equipment and lowering operating costs.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q74\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"74\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q74<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Can polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings be applied to highway corrugated guardrails?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline powder coatings can be used for anti-corrosion protection of highway corrugated guardrails, and there are already relevant application cases; the related technology is reflected in the industry standard JT\/T 600-2025 <em>Anti-Corrosion Powder Coatings and Coating Layers for Highway Use<\/em>.<\/p><p>For the repair and maintenance of corrugated guardrails, high-solids polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings can be used to meet on-site application requirements, and application is more convenient; for details refer to the technical standard JT\/T 722-2026 <em>Technical Conditions for Anti-Corrosion Coating of Highway Bridge Steel Structures<\/em>.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q75\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"75\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q75<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Can polyaniline coatings be used on hydraulic steel gates such as those in reservoirs and hydropower stations?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>The corrosive environment of hydraulic steel gates is far less severe than a marine corrosive environment. Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings fully meet the anti-corrosion requirements of equipment in this environment and provide very good protection for hydraulic steel gates.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q76\" data-ch=\"3\" data-q=\"76\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q76<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Can polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings be used on shipping containers?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Waterborne polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings can be used and fully meet the anti-corrosion performance requirements for shipping containers.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n    <\/div><!-- \/.ydfh-list -->\r\n  <\/div><!-- \/.ydfh-wrap -->\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"ydfh-chap ydfh-alt\" id=\"ydfh-chap-4\" data-chap=\"4\">\r\n  <div class=\"ydfh-wrap\">\r\n    <div class=\"ydfh-chap-head\">\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-chap-num\">04<\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-chap-txt\">\r\n        <h2>Practical Guide<\/h2>\r\n        <p>Selection, application, quality control, maintenance and repair \u2014 hands-on guidance.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-chap-count\" data-count-for=\"4\">24 questions<\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"ydfh-list\">\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q77\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"77\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q77<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">How can genuine polyaniline coatings be distinguished from counterfeit ones?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Testing is carried out in accordance with the technical standard for polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings in JT\/T 722-2026 <em>Technical Conditions for Anti-Corrosion Coating of Highway Bridge Steel Structures<\/em>. Products meeting all the specified indicators are genuine polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings; otherwise they are counterfeit or substandard products.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q78\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"78\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q78<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">How are polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings applied?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>The application procedure for polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings is the same as for traditional zinc-rich paint. For the specific procedure, follow the relevant technical content in JT\/T 722-2026 <em>Technical Conditions for Anti-Corrosion Coating of Highway Bridge Steel Structures<\/em>.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q79\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"79\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q79<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Are there matched thinners for polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Yes. It is recommended to use the dedicated thinner supplied by the polyaniline anti-corrosion coating manufacturer, to ensure good application performance and coating results.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q80\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"80\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q80<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Is there a relationship between film thickness and anti-corrosion life for polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>There is a certain relationship between film thickness and anti-corrosion life for polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings. A film thickness of around 60\u201380&nbsp;microns is recommended, which can achieve an anti-corrosion life of more than 30 years. Two spray passes are recommended, to avoid excessive thickness and sagging in a single pass.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q81\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"81\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q81<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What are the environmental requirements for applying polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion application has no special environmental requirements and is similar to those for zinc-rich coatings: ambient temperature 5\u201338&nbsp;\u00b0C, air relative humidity not more than 85%, and steel surface temperature at least 3&nbsp;\u00b0C above the dew point.<\/p><p>Outdoor application is prohibited in rain, fog, snow, strong wind and heavy dust conditions. When the ambient temperature is between \u22125&nbsp;\u00b0C and 5&nbsp;\u00b0C, a low-temperature-curing polyaniline anti-corrosion coating should be used.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q82\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"82\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q82<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What is the recoat interval for polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings, and what if the maximum recoat interval is exceeded?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>At an ambient temperature of 25&nbsp;\u00b0C, the minimum recoat interval for polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings is 6 hours. Above 25&nbsp;\u00b0C the interval may be shortened appropriately; below 25&nbsp;\u00b0C it may be extended appropriately. The maximum recoat interval is 10 days. If the maximum recoat interval is exceeded, the film must be abraded (swept) to ensure intercoat adhesion.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q83\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"83\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q83<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">How efficient is polyaniline coating application, and how long does drying take?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Airless spraying at 1.5\u20133&nbsp;L\/min gives high efficiency on large areas. At 25&nbsp;\u00b0C, the coating is typically touch-dry in 2 hours and hard-dry in 12 hours.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q84\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"84\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q84<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">After the two components of a polyaniline anti-corrosion coating are mixed, what is the pot life?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>At 25&nbsp;\u00b0C, the pot life after mixing the two components of a polyaniline anti-corrosion coating is 3\u20134 hours. At higher temperatures it will be shorter; at lower temperatures, slightly longer.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q85\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"85\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q85<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Can polyaniline anti-corrosion coating be used alone as a primer?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Yes. In enclosed conditions and in scenarios with no special requirement for light-aging resistance, a polyaniline anti-corrosion coating can be used alone as a primer. Under extreme service conditions, in long-term outdoor exposure to light, or where the film appearance has colour requirements, an intermediate coat and topcoat can be applied over the polyaniline anti-corrosion primer as appropriate.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q86\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"86\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q86<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What requirements do polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings have for intermediate coats and topcoats?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings have no special requirements for intermediate coats and topcoats; both oil-based and waterborne systems are acceptable, but intercoat adhesion testing must be carried out before matching. Polyaniline anti-corrosion coating manufacturers supply matched intermediate coats and topcoats.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q87\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"87\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q87<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">During application, how can the thinning of the coating at edges and corners caused by the \u201cedge effect\u201d be avoided?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Before spraying, pre-coat the edges, corners, welds and bolts of steel components by brush or roller to ensure the coating thickness at weak points meets the specification, following the \u201c90-10\u201d film thickness principle.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q88\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"88\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q88<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Under what circumstances does a polyaniline anti-corrosion coating need repair and maintenance, and how is repair and repainting carried out?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Whether the film requires maintenance is assessed in accordance with GB\/T 1766 and GB\/T 30789.3. Repair or repainting is carried out in accordance with Annex H of JT\/T 722-2026 <em>Technical Conditions for Anti-Corrosion Coating of Highway Bridge Steel Structures<\/em>.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q89\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"89\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q89<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">How is a damaged polyaniline anti-corrosion coating repaired?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Grind and clean the damaged area to expose the metal or sound coating, then touch up with polyaniline anti-corrosion primer, intermediate coat and topcoat according to the film thickness of the original anti-corrosion coating.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q90\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"90\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q90<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What are the requirements for cleaning application equipment?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>After application, all pipes and equipment must be cleaned. Dedicated thinner should be used promptly to clean nozzles, pipes and other parts and equipment that came into contact with the coating, to avoid affecting future use.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q91\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"91\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q91<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Will polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings affect the environment during use?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings contain no toxic or harmful heavy metals and will not pollute the surrounding groundwater or atmospheric environment. Their volatile organic compound (VOC) content complies with relevant standards \u2014 they are a green, environmentally friendly anti-corrosion coating.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q92\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"92\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q92<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">During storage, will the polyaniline in polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings agglomerate?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>The technical issues of polyaniline dispersion and agglomeration have been resolved. Within the shelf life, polyaniline will not agglomerate.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q93\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"93\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q93<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Can polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings cure quickly, and how is their anti-corrosion performance?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>UV-curable polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings can cure rapidly, achieving instantaneous curing under ultraviolet light. Limited by the 30\u201335 micron penetration depth of UV curing, this type of polyaniline anti-corrosion coating can be used for short-term anti-corrosion of 1\u20132 years \u2014 for example, temporary protection of steel pipes and colour-coated steel sheets.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q94\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"94\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q94<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What advantages do polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings offer in road and bridge engineering?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Roads and bridges are major national projects where high-quality anti-corrosion is a top priority. The ultra-long anti-corrosion durability of more than 30 years provided by polyaniline is an important guarantee of anti-corrosion quality for roads and bridges.<\/p><p>Moreover, the low density of polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings can reduce the weight of roads and bridges by 40%, lowering the load and ensuring safer operation. In addition, the high adhesion and scratch resistance of the coating effectively ensure the weather resistance of the film, offering greater practical value for subsequent repair and maintenance.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q95\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"95\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q95<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What advantages do polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings offer for the maintenance of major steel structure projects?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Major engineering projects in China, represented by bridges and expressways, are gradually entering a peak period of repair and maintenance. A simple, efficient maintenance process will not seriously disrupt the normal operation of the related facilities.<\/p><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings can be applied when the steel substrate and old coating film have not been completely cleaned; their excellent low-surface-energy application performance and high adhesion greatly simplify maintenance and improve coating efficiency.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q96\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"96\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q96<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Is the supply of polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings stable?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings have an independent, controllable full industrial chain. Aniline, the main raw material for polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings, has a domestic capacity of 5 million tonnes, so raw material supply is ample and will not constrain the development of the polyaniline anti-corrosion coating industry.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q97\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"97\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q97<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Is the polyaniline anti-corrosion coating a film formed by polyaniline?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>As a polymer material, polyaniline can itself form a film, but the film-forming substance in an anti-corrosion coating is not polyaniline \u2014 it is the polymer film-forming resins in the coating, such as epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, acrylic resin and polyvinyl chloride resin. Polyaniline exists dispersed within these resins.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q98\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"98\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q98<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">Is the polyaniline anti-corrosion coating conductive?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings are not conductive. Their anti-corrosion performance relies on the redox properties of polyaniline, not on electrical conductivity.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q99\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"99\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q99<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What are the market competitive advantages of polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>The long-term anti-corrosion performance, simple and rapid maintenance, and excellent scratch resistance of polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings, together with a lower coating cost per unit area, give the coating excellent cost-effectiveness and a strong competitive advantage in the market.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n      <details class=\"ydfh-q\" id=\"q100\" data-ch=\"4\" data-q=\"100\">\r\n        <summary>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-num\">Q100<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ydfh-q-title\">What are the prospects for waterborne and UV-curable polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings?<\/span>\r\n        <\/summary>\r\n        <div class=\"ydfh-q-body\"><div class=\"ydfh-a\"><p>Waterborne polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings can achieve more than 5 years of anti-corrosion performance and already have many practical application cases in JC3\u2013JC4 atmospheric environments. Compared with high-solids polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings they are more environmentally friendly, but current products cannot achieve long-term anti-corrosion performance under extreme service conditions or in marine environments.<\/p><p>The advantage of UV-curable polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings is rapid curing, but because thick films cannot be applied, they can be used for temporary anti-corrosion of steel in transit, with an anti-corrosion life of about 1\u20132 years.<\/p><p>These two types of polyaniline anti-corrosion coating can be used in fields with lower anti-corrosion performance requirements and have considerable application prospects. They can also be combined with high-solids polyaniline anti-corrosion coatings to meet steel structure anti-corrosion objectives under different service conditions.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <\/details>\r\n    <\/div><!-- \/.ydfh-list -->\r\n  <\/div><!-- \/.ydfh-wrap -->\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n  <!-- ================= EMPTY STATE ================= -->\r\n  <div class=\"ydfh-wrap\" style=\"padding-top:0;\">\r\n    <div class=\"ydfh-empty\">\r\n      <b>No questions match your search<\/b>\r\n      Try a different keyword, or select \u201cAll 100\u201d to see every question.\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <!-- ================= CTA ================= -->\r\n  <section class=\"ydfh-cta\">\r\n    <div class=\"ydfh-wrap\">\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-cta-txt\">\r\n        <h2>Still have a question that is not answered here?<\/h2>\r\n        <p>Tell us about your project, the service environment and the steel structure involved. Our technical team will recommend the right polyaniline coating system and film build for your application.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-cta-btns\">\r\n        <a class=\"ydfh-btn ydfh-btn--orange\" href=\"\/contact\/\">Contact Us\r\n          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M12 4l-1.41 1.41L16.17 11H4v2h12.17l-5.58 5.59L12 20l8-8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n        <\/a>\r\n        <a class=\"ydfh-btn ydfh-btn--ghost\" href=\"\/product-category\/downloads\/\">Download Centre<\/a>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/section>\r\n\r\n  <!-- ================= NOTE ================= -->\r\n  <section class=\"ydfh-note\">\r\n    <div class=\"ydfh-wrap\">\r\n      <div class=\"ydfh-note-inner\">\r\n        <span><b>Source.<\/b> <em>Polyaniline Anti-Corrosion 100 Questions<\/em> (\u805a\u82ef\u80fa\u9632\u8150\u767e\u95ee), compiled by Hunan Ben'an Yada New Material Co., Ltd. in cooperation with the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, <em>Bridge Magazine<\/em> and the Highway Bridge Branch.<\/span>\r\n        <span><b>Standards referenced.<\/b> JT\/T 722-2026 \u00b7 JT\/T 600-2025 \u00b7 JT\/T 695-2026 \u00b7 DB43\/T 2421-2022 \u00b7 GB\/T 1766 \u00b7 GB\/T 30789.3.<\/span>\r\n        <span><b>Note.<\/b> Technical data are typical values for guidance only and may be adjusted to suit the actual project, service environment and applicable standards. 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